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The Effect of Music Therapy on Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients' Anxiety...
Full title: The Effect of Music Therapy on Hospitalized Psychiatric Patients' Anxiety, Finger Temperature and Electroencephalography: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Purpose. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing anxiety in hospitalized psychiatric patients.Methodology. The authors used a randomized clinical trial design and randomly allocated the 24 enrolled participants to the experimental or the control group. Patients in the experimental group received music therapy in a therapy room at a set time for 30 min each morning for 11 days. The authors administered the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and measured skin temperature and brain waves to determine anxiety level before, during, and after music therapy.Results. Experimental group participants had lower scores on the BAI than control participants, after the music therapy (z = -2.0, p < .05) and at 1-week follow-up (z = -2.2, p < .05), indicating that they were experiencing significantly less anxiety. The mean BAI anxiety score fell in the experimental group from 23.9 (SD = 9.9) at baseline to 13.9 (SD = 8.8), after music therapy, and 12.7. (SD = 10.5) at follow-up. The experimental group demonstrated a significant elevation in the average alpha electroencephalographic (EEG) percentage (from 38.1% to 46.7%) and a reduction in the average beta EEG percentage (from 61.9% to 53.4%) after the music therapy. After adjusting for change in patient finger temperature on the first day, mean change in finger temperature did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups.Conclusions. Music therapy can relieve anxiety in hospitalized psychiatric patients and help them achieve a state of relaxation.
Biol Res Nurs. 2011 May 17. Yang CY, Chen CH, Chu H, Chen WC, Lee TY, Chen SG, Chou KR.
What is your level of confidence and why should you care? To a statistician, confidence levels would mean how reliably could a certain condition occur or be predicted and expressed as a percentage. For instance, when putting if a golfer can reliably get his ball into the cup nine times out of 10, a statistician would say that he has a 90% reliability. This can also be expressed as 0.9. However, a psychologist would look at this slightly differently. What she may be looking at is the effect that a level of confidence would have on a person's self-esteem. A person's self-awareness or ego can...
The topic of bullying continues to be in the limelight. Just about everyone wants to show compassion for the victim and feels like the perpetrator needs to experience some sort of retribution. We see this not only in the popular media but also on videos like the one above. Very little is mentioned, however, about the long-term consequences of being bullied. It seems like most of the reactions whether sanctioned or not seem to revolve around punishing the bully and...
